NECO GCE 2024 Geography Questions and answers (no password)

Neco GCE 2024 Geography ANSWERS WWW.EXAMHACKER.COM.NG

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27TH NOV 2024

Geography questions and answer– 02:300am – 04:30pm
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GEOGRAPHY

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: *NECO GCE GEOGRAPHY*

*NUMBER SIX*

(6a)

Glacial action refers to the processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition by glaciers as they move over the land, shaping the landscape through the force of ice and meltwater.

(6b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Cirques: Bowl-shaped depressions formed at the head of a glacier.

(ii) Arêtes: Sharp ridges formed between two cirques.

(iii) U-shaped valleys: Wide, deep valleys carved out by glaciers.

(iv) Hanging valleys: Valleys left at higher elevations by the erosion of smaller glaciers.

(v) Horns: Pointed mountain peaks formed by the intersection of several arêtes.

(vi) Glacial erratics: Large boulders transported and deposited by glaciers.

(6c)

(PICK ANY TWO)

(i) Hydraulic action: The force of waves crashing against the coastline, dislodging and eroding rock.

(ii) Abrasion: The wearing away of rock by the impact of sediment carried by waves.

(iii) Attrition: The erosion of rock particles carried by waves colliding and breaking down into smaller fragments.

(iv) Corrosion: The chemical breakdown of rock material due to the acidity of seawater.

: NECO GEOGRAPHY ANSWER

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NECO GCE GEOGRAPHY

(5a). Underground water is defined as water that seeps into the ground and is stored beneath the Earth's surface in the saturated zone, where the soil and rock are completely filled with water.

(5c) Pick any four factors that influence the depth of a water table in geography are:

i. Rainfall

ii. Topography

iii. Soil and Rock Permeability

iv. Human Activities

v. Evaporation rates

vi. Climate conditions

v. Slope of land

(6a). Glacial action in geography refers to the processes by which glaciers shape and alter the landscape through their movement and interaction with the environment.

(6b). Four key features of glacial erosion in highland areas include:

i. U-shaped Valleys: Glaciers erode valleys by moving ice and debris through the landscape. This process widens and deepens valleys, giving them a U-shape. Unlike river valleys, which are typically V-shaped, U-shaped valleys have flat, wide bottoms and steep sides. The glacier scrapes both the valley floor and the sides, leaving a characteristic U-profile.

ii. Cirques (Corries): A cirque is a large, bowl-shaped depression at the head of a glacier. It is formed through the combined action of freeze-thaw weathering, which loosens rock, and glacial erosion as the ice scours the land. The result is a steep, curved basin often containing a small lake (tarn) formed when the glacier retreats.

iii. Arêtes: An arête is a narrow, sharp ridge that forms between two glacial valleys or cirques. This feature occurs when glaciers erode the rock on both sides of a ridge, leaving behind a steep, jagged crest. Arêtes are often found in high mountainous areas, where glaciers have carved away the surrounding landscape.

iv. Horns: A horn is a sharp, pointed peak formed when several glaciers erode a mountain from different directions. The glaciers carve back into the mountain from different sides, creating a steep, pyramid-like peak. A well-known example of a horn is the Matterhorn in the Swiss Alps.

(6c). Two key mechanisms of wave erosion are:

i. Abrasion (Corrasion): This is the process where the waves carry sand, pebbles, and other materials, which then collide with the coastline, wearing away the rocks and surface material. Over time, this constant grinding and scraping cause the coastline to erode and become smoother.

ii. Hydraulic Action: This occurs when waves crash against the cliffs or shoreline, compressing air and water into cracks and crevices. The pressure from the waves forces the cracks to expand, leading to the breaking apart of the rock. This continuous pressure over time can cause significant erosion.

(7a). vegetation refers to the plant life or flora that naturally grows in a particular area, influenced by factors such as climate, soil, and topography. It includes all plant forms like trees, shrubs, grasses, and mosses. Vegetation plays an essential role in ecosystems, affecting the environment by providing oxygen, stabilizing soil, and supporting wildlife.

(7bi) Check the diagram below

(7ci) Pick any three characteristics of mangrove

1. Adaptation to Saltwater

2. Complex Root Systems

3. Biodiversity Hotspots

4. Protects coastlines from erosion

5. Provides habitat for diverse

Pick any three key characteristics of the Guinea Savannah vegetation belt:

1. Vegetation Composition

2. Climate

3. Soil and Land Use

4. Open grassland with scattered trees

5. Has a distinct wet and dry season

(8a). Graphic data refers to information about the physical locations and characteristics of features on Earth's surface. It encompasses data that includes a geographic component—such as coordinates (latitude and longitude), addresses, or other identifiers that define specific locations or areas.

(8bi). In Geographic Information Systems (GIS), maps and geographic data are critical components used to analyze, visualize, and interpret spatial information. These data are derived from various sources, which are categorized based on their origin, format, and acquisition methods.

ii. Satellite imagery is a vital source of geographic data in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), providing detailed, accurate, and scalable information about the Earth's surface. These images are collected by sensors mounted on satellites orbiting the Earth, which capture data in various electromagnetic spectrum ranges.

(8C). Pick any four key features of graphic data in a Geographic Information System (GIS):

1.SpatialRepresentation

2.Attribute Association

3.Layer-Based Organization

4. Scalability and Resolution

5. Topology

6. Metadata

7. Layer

NECO GCE GEOGRAPHY*

*NUMBER SEVEN*

(7a)

Vegetation refers to the plant life that covers a particular area, varying in terms of species composition, density, and distribution.

(7b)

Check the diagram below

(7ci)

=MANGROVE=

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Found in coastal areas with brackish water.

(ii) Consists of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs.

(iii) Protects coastlines from erosion.

(iv) Provides habitat for diverse marine life.

(v) Adapted to fluctuating water levels.

(vi) Roots help in trapping sediment and nutrients.

(7cii)

=GUINEA SAVANNAH=

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Open grassland with scattered trees.

(ii) Supports grazing animals like cattle and goats.

(iii) Has a distinct wet and dry season.

(iv) Vegetation adapted to seasonal rainfall patterns.

(v) Trees shed leaves during the dry season to conserve water.

(vi) Rich in biodiversity with a variety of plant and animal species.

*NECO GCE GEOGRAPHY*

*NUMBER EIGHT*

(8a)

Geographic data refers to information that is spatially referenced, meaning it is tied to specific locations on the Earth's surface. This data includes various types of information such as coordinates, boundaries, attributes, and characteristics of physical or cultural features.

(8bi)

Maps are a fundamental source of geographical data in GIS. They provide visual representations of spatial information such as boundaries, roads, rivers, and land use. Maps can be used as base layers for GIS applications, allowing users to overlay and analyze other data layers on top of them.

(8bii)

Satellite images are another important source of geographical data in GIS. These images are captured by satellites orbiting the Earth and provide high-resolution views of the Earth's surface. Satellite images are used for monitoring land cover changes, natural disasters, urban growth, and environmental assessments in GIS.

(8c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Spatial data: Geographic data includes information about the location and shape of physical or cultural features on the Earth's surface.

(ii) Attribute data: Geographic data also includes non-spatial information or attributes associated with spatial features, such as population, elevation, or land use type.

(iii) Topology: Geographic data in GIS maintains spatial relationships between different features, allowing for spatial analysis and modeling.

(iv) Metadata: Geographic data includes metadata that provides information about the source, accuracy, and quality of the data.

(v) Scale: Geographic data in GIS can be represented at different scales, from global to local, depending on the level of detail required for analysis.

(vi) Projections: Geographic data may be referenced to different map projections in GIS to accurately represent the Earth's curved surface on a flat map.

(vii) Layers: Geographic data in GIS is organized into layers representing different thematic information, such as transportation networks, land cover, or administrative boundaries, which can be analyzed individually or combined for spatial analysis.

(1a). Underground water is defined as water that seeps into the ground and is stored beneath the Earth's surface in the saturated zone, where the soil and rock are completely filled with water.

(1c) Four factors that influence the depth of a water table in geography are:

i. Rainfall: Higher rainfall increases groundwater recharge, leading to a shallower water table, while low rainfall results in a deeper water table.

ii. Topography: Flat or low-lying areas usually have a shallower water table, while elevated or hilly regions have deeper water tables.

iii. Soil and Rock Permeability: Permeable materials like sand and gravel allow water to infiltrate, raising the water table, while impermeable layers like clay or bedrock restrict infiltration.

iv. Human Activities: Excessive groundwater extraction lowers the water table, while practices like rainwater harvesting or reducing water usage can help maintain or raise it.

(2a). Glacial action in geography refers to the processes by which glaciers shape and alter the landscape through their movement and interaction with the environment.

(2c). Four key features of glacial erosion in highland areas include:

(2c). Two key mechanisms of wave erosion are:

(3a). vegetation refers to the plant life or flora that naturally grows in a particular area, influenced by factors such as climate, soil, and topography. It includes all plant forms like trees, shrubs, grasses, and mosses. Vegetation plays an essential role in ecosystems, affecting the environment by providing oxygen, stabilizing soil, and supporting wildlife.

(3bi) The Guinea Savannah vegetation belt is located in the northern part of the country.

The Guinea Savannah belt in Nigeria is situated between the Sahel Savannah to the north and the Derived Savannah

ii. In a sketch map of Nigeria, the Mangrove vegetation belt is located in the southern part of the country, along the coastal regions.

iii. In a sketch map of Nigeria, the Rainforest vegetation belt is located in the southwestern and southeastern parts of the country.

The states within the Rainforest belt include:- Edo, Delta, Ondo, Ogun, Osun, Oyo, Ekiti, Abia, Imo, Ebonyi, Cross River and Akwa Ibom State.

(3ci) Here are the three characteristics of mangrove

1. Adaptation to Saltwater: Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees and shrubs that thrive in coastal environments, specifically in tropical and subtropical regions, where they are exposed to brackish water. They have specialized mechanisms, like salt filtration or excretion through leaves, to cope with high salinity levels.

2. Complex Root Systems: Mangrove trees often have unique root structures, such as aerial roots (e.g., prop roots or pneumatophores) that provide stability in soft, waterlogged soils and allow the trees to access oxygen in oxygen-poor sediments.

3. Biodiversity Hotspots: Mangrove belts support a rich diversity of wildlife, providing habitat and food for numerous species of fish, crustaceans, birds, and other animals. Their dense roots trap sediment, which helps stabilize coastal ecosystems and protect them from erosion.

ii. Here are three key characteristics of the Guinea Savannah vegetation belt:

1. Vegetation Composition:

It is characterized by a mix of grassland and scattered trees. The vegetation is denser than in the Sudan Savannah but less dense than in forest regions.

2. Climate:

The Guinea Savannah experiences a tropical climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The annual rainfall typically ranges between 1000mm and 1500mm, which supports the growth of grasses and scattered trees.

3. Soil and Land Use:

The soils are generally fertile and suitable for agriculture, making the region ideal for cultivating crops such as maize, millet, sorghum, and groundnuts, as well as supporting livestock grazing.

(4a). Geographic data refers to information about the physical locations and characteristics of features on Earth's surface. It encompasses data that includes a geographic component—such as coordinates (latitude and longitude), addresses, or other identifiers that define specific locations or areas.

(bi). In Geographic Information Systems (GIS), maps and geographic data are critical components used to analyze, visualize, and interpret spatial information. These data are derived from various sources, which are categorized based on their origin, format, and acquisition methods.

(C). Here are four key features of graphic data in a Geographic Information System (GIS):

1. Spatial Representation:

Graphic data in GIS represents spatial features in a visual format, such as points (locations), lines (roads, rivers), and polygons (land parcels, lakes), to depict real-world objects on a map.

2. Attribute Association:

Each graphic element in GIS is linked to attribute data that describes its characteristics. For example, a road (line) may have attributes like name, type, and width.

3. Layer-Based Organization:

Graphic data is organized into thematic layers, such as vegetation, transportation, or hydrology. This structure allows for the visualization and analysis of different data sets simultaneously.

4. Scalability and Resolution:

GIS graphic data supports varying levels of detail and scale, enabling zooming in or out without losing essential information, depending on the resolution and data accuracy.

(7a)

Vegetation refers to the plant life that covers a particular area, varying in terms of species composition, density, and distribution.

(7b)

Check the diagram below

(7ci)

=MANGROVE=

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Found in coastal areas with brackish water.

(ii) Consists of salt-tolerant trees and shrubs.

(iii) Protects coastlines from erosion.

(iv) Provides habitat for diverse marine life.

(v) Adapted to fluctuating water levels.

(vi) Roots help in trapping sediment and nutrients.

(7cii)

=GUINEA SAVANNAH=

(PICK ANY THREE)

(i) Open grassland with scattered trees.

(ii) Supports grazing animals like cattle and goats.

(iii) Has a distinct wet and dry season.

(iv) Vegetation adapted to seasonal rainfall patterns.

(v) Trees shed leaves during the dry season to conserve water.

(vi) Rich in biodiversity with a variety of plant and animal species.

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NECO GCE 2024 Geography Questions and answers (no password)

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